Ginkgolide B inhibits hydrogen peroxide‑induced apoptosis and attenuates cytotoxicity via activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in H9c2 cells.

Ginkgolide B (GB) is a diterpene lactone found in the leaves of the traditional Chinese medicinal plant Ginkgo that has been shown to have various pharmacological effects. However, the anti‑apoptotic properties of GB in cardiovascular disease remain poorly understood.

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of GB on hydrogen peroxide‑induced cell injury in cardiac H9c2 cells, and to further clarify its protective mechanism of action. An in vitro hydrogen peroxide‑treated H9c2 cell model was used in order to mimic myocardial ischemia‑reperfusion (I/R) injury.

Cell viability was assessed by the Cell Counting Kit‑8 assay. The induction of apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry and staining was performed using Hoechst 33342. In addition, the effect of GB on the expression levels of apoptosis‑associated proteins was evaluated by western blot analysis.

The present study demonstrated that GB protected against hydrogen peroxide‑induced cytotoxicity and cell apoptosis in H9c2 cardiac cells. GB upregulated the expression level of the anti‑apoptotic protein Bcl‑2 and downregulated the expression levels of the pro‑apoptotic proteins cleaved caspase‑3 and Bax in hydrogen peroxide‑treated H9c2 cells.

SPR

enz-411 5µg
EUR 60
Description: Recombinant Human Sepiapterin Reductase

SPR

MBS8578398-01mL 0.1mL
EUR 345

SPR

MBS8578398-01mLAF405L 0.1mL(AF405L)
EUR 565

SPR

MBS8578398-01mLAF405S 0.1mL(AF405S)
EUR 565

SPR

MBS8578398-01mLAF610 0.1mL(AF610)
EUR 565

SPR

MBS8578398-01mLAF635 0.1mL(AF635)
EUR 565

SPR

MBS8535492-01mL 0.1mL
EUR 325

SPR

MBS8535492-01mLAF405L 0.1mL(AF405L)
EUR 565

SPR

MBS8535492-01mLAF405S 0.1mL(AF405S)
EUR 565

SPR

MBS8535492-01mLAF610 0.1mL(AF610)
EUR 565

SPR

MBS8535492-01mLAF635 0.1mL(AF635)
EUR 565

Blue Lo-tox Total Immersion Organic Filled Thermometer -10 to 210C - EACH

THE5262 EACH
EUR 8.84

Spr/ Rat Spr ELISA Kit

ELI-41212r 96 Tests
EUR 1063.2

SPR, CT (SPR, Sepiapterin reductase)

MBS6004814-02mL 0.2(mL
EUR 695

SPR, CT (SPR, Sepiapterin reductase)

MBS6004814-5x02mL 5x0.2mL
EUR 2975

SPR -SPR Molecular Interaction Services

UA01001C-SPR Service Ask for price

SPR, CT (SPR, Sepiapterin reductase) (AP)

MBS6350751-02mL 0.2mL
EUR 980

SPR, CT (SPR, Sepiapterin reductase) (AP)

MBS6350751-5x02mL 5x0.2mL
EUR 4250

SPR, CT (SPR, Sepiapterin reductase) (PE)

MBS6350761-02mL 0.2mL
EUR 980

SPR, CT (SPR, Sepiapterin reductase) (PE)

MBS6350761-5x02mL 5x0.2mL
EUR 4250

SPR, CT (SPR, Sepiapterin reductase) (APC)

MBS6350752-02mL 0.2mL
EUR 980

SPR, CT (SPR, Sepiapterin reductase) (APC)

MBS6350752-5x02mL 5x0.2mL
EUR 4250

SPR, CT (SPR, Sepiapterin reductase) (FITC)

MBS6350754-02mL 0.2mL
EUR 980

SPR, CT (SPR, Sepiapterin reductase) (FITC)

MBS6350754-5x02mL 5x0.2mL
EUR 4250

SPR, CT (SPR, Sepiapterin reductase) (Biotin)

MBS6350753-02mL 0.2mL
EUR 980

SPR, CT (SPR, Sepiapterin reductase) (Biotin)

MBS6350753-5x02mL 5x0.2mL
EUR 4250

SPR Antibody

37391 100ul
EUR 319

SPR Antibody

37391-100ul 100ul
EUR 302.4

SPR antibody

22028 100ul
EUR 479

SPR antibody

22028-100ul 100ul
EUR 468

SPR Antibody

1-CSB-PA262747
  • Ask for price
  • Ask for price
  • 50ul
  • 100ul
Description: A polyclonal antibody against SPR. Recognizes SPR from Human. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, WB, IHC;ELISA:1:2000-1:5000, WB:1:500-1:2000, IHC:1:50-1:200

SPR Antibody

CSB-PA546692XA01DLU-02mg 0.2mg Ask for price
Description: Recombinant Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) SPR protein

SPR Antibody

CSB-PA546692XA01DLU-10mg 10mg Ask for price
Description: Recombinant Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) SPR protein

SPR Antibody

DF15447 100ul
EUR 420

SPR Antibody

DF15447-100ul 100ul
EUR 168
Description: IHC,ELISA(peptide)

SPR Antibody

DF15447-200ul 200ul
EUR 210
Description: IHC,ELISA(peptide)

SPR Antibody

1-CSB-PA214577
  • Ask for price
  • Ask for price
  • 50ul
  • 100ul
Description: A polyclonal antibody against SPR. Recognizes SPR from Human, Mouse. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, WB, IHC;ELISA:1:2000-1:10000, WB:1:1000-1:5000, IHC:1:25-1:100

SPR Antibody

1-CSB-PA022605GA01HU
  • Ask for price
  • Ask for price
  • 50ul
  • 150ul
Description: A polyclonal antibody against SPR. Recognizes SPR from Human, Mouse, Rat. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, WB, IF

SPR Antibody

CSB-PA022605ZA01HU-02mg 0.2mg Ask for price
Description: Recombinant Homo sapiens SPR protein

SPR Antibody

CSB-PA022605ZA01HU-10mg 10mg Ask for price
Description: Recombinant Homo sapiens SPR protein

SPR Antibody

GWB-MV671E 50ug Ask for price

SPR Antibody

E037391 100μg/100μl
EUR 255
Description: Available in various conjugation types.

SPR Antibody

E911694 100ul
EUR 255
Description: Available in various conjugation types.

SPR Antibody

MBS5312426-01mL 0.1mL
EUR 1070

SPR Antibody

MBS5312426-5x01mL 5x0.1mL
EUR 4655

SPR Antibody

MBS7128512-005mL 0.05mL
EUR 190

SPR Antibody

MBS7128512-01mL 0.1mL
EUR 270

SPR Antibody

MBS7128512-5x01mL 5x0.1mL
EUR 1205

SPR Antibody

MBS7128513-005mL 0.05mL
EUR 190

SPR Antibody

MBS7128513-01mL 0.1mL
EUR 270

SPR Antibody

MBS7128513-5x01mL 5x0.1mL
EUR 1205

SPR Antibody

MBS9633118-1mg 1mg
EUR 375

SPR Antibody

MBS9633118-5x1mg 5x1mg
EUR 1545

SPR Antibody

MBS9630735-01mL 0.1mL
EUR 260

SPR Antibody

MBS9630735-02mL 0.2mL
EUR 305

SPR Antibody

MBS9630735-5x02mL 5x0.2mL
EUR 1220

SPR antibody

MBS832371-01mL 0.1mL
EUR 1095

SPR antibody

MBS832371-5x01mL 5x0.1mL
EUR 4770

SPR antibody

MBS832699-01mL 0.1mL
EUR 1095

SPR antibody

MBS832699-5x01mL 5x0.1mL
EUR 4770

SPR antibody

MBS832852-01mL 0.1mL
EUR 1095

SPR antibody

MBS832852-5x01mL 5x0.1mL
EUR 4770

SPR antibody

MBS833589-01mL 0.1mL
EUR 1095

SPR antibody

MBS833589-5x01mL 5x0.1mL
EUR 4770

SPR antibody

MBS9401721-01mL 0.1mL
EUR 420

SPR antibody

MBS9401721-5x01mL 5x0.1mL
EUR 1740

SPR Antibody

MBS9406254-01mL 0.1mL
EUR 305

SPR Antibody

MBS9406254-5x01mL 5x0.1mL
EUR 1230

SPR antibody

MBS834249-01mL 0.1mL
EUR 1095

SPR antibody

MBS834249-5x01mL 5x0.1mL
EUR 4770

SPR antibody

MBS834721-01mL 0.1mL
EUR 1095

SPR antibody

MBS834721-5x01mL 5x0.1mL
EUR 4770

SPR antibody

10R-5906 100 ul Ask for price

SPR antibody

10R-7198 100 ul Ask for price

SPR antibody

70R-13553 100 ul Ask for price

SPR antibody

70R-15234 100 ug Ask for price

SPR antibody

10R-5903 100 ul Ask for price

SPR antibody

10R-5907 100 ul Ask for price

SPR antibody

70R-9834 50 ug Ask for price

SPR antibody

70R-20501 50 ul Ask for price

SPR antibody

10R-5904 100 ul Ask for price

SPR antibody

10R-5908 100 ul Ask for price

SPR, CT (SPR, Sepiapterin reductase) (MaxLight 405)

MBS6350756-01mL 0.1mL
EUR 980

SPR, CT (SPR, Sepiapterin reductase) (MaxLight 405)

MBS6350756-5x01mL 5x0.1mL
EUR 4250

SPR, CT (SPR, Sepiapterin reductase) (MaxLight 490)

MBS6350757-01mL 0.1mL
EUR 980

SPR, CT (SPR, Sepiapterin reductase) (MaxLight 490)

MBS6350757-5x01mL 5x0.1mL
EUR 4250

SPR, CT (SPR, Sepiapterin reductase) (MaxLight 550)

MBS6350758-01mL 0.1mL
EUR 980

SPR, CT (SPR, Sepiapterin reductase) (MaxLight 550)

MBS6350758-5x01mL 5x0.1mL
EUR 4250

SPR, CT (SPR, Sepiapterin reductase) (MaxLight 650)

MBS6350759-01mL 0.1mL
EUR 980

SPR, CT (SPR, Sepiapterin reductase) (MaxLight 650)

MBS6350759-5x01mL 5x0.1mL
EUR 4250

SPR, CT (SPR, Sepiapterin reductase) (MaxLight 750)

MBS6350760-01mL 0.1mL
EUR 980

SPR, CT (SPR, Sepiapterin reductase) (MaxLight 750)

MBS6350760-5x01mL 5x0.1mL
EUR 4250

Spr (untagged) - Mouse sepiapterin reductase (Spr), (10ug)

MC200874 10 µg Ask for price

Recombinant Escherichia coli Probable endopeptidase Spr (spr)

MBS1018132-002mgBaculovirus 0.02mg(Baculovirus)
EUR 1085

Recombinant Escherichia coli Probable endopeptidase Spr (spr)

MBS1018132-002mgEColi 0.02mg(E-Coli)
EUR 675

Recombinant Escherichia coli Probable endopeptidase Spr (spr)

MBS1018132-002mgYeast 0.02mg(Yeast)
EUR 835

Recombinant Escherichia coli Probable endopeptidase Spr (spr)

MBS1018132-01mgEColi 0.1mg(E-Coli)
EUR 785

Recombinant Escherichia coli Probable endopeptidase Spr (spr)

MBS1018132-01mgYeast 0.1mg(Yeast)
EUR 980

Recombinant Shigella flexneri Probable endopeptidase Spr (spr)

MBS1246740-002mgBaculovirus 0.02mg(Baculovirus)
EUR 1085

Recombinant Shigella flexneri Probable endopeptidase Spr (spr)

MBS1246740-002mgEColi 0.02mg(E-Coli)
EUR 675

Recombinant Shigella flexneri Probable endopeptidase Spr (spr)

MBS1246740-002mgYeast 0.02mg(Yeast)
EUR 835

Recombinant Shigella flexneri Probable endopeptidase Spr (spr)

MBS1246740-01mgEColi 0.1mg(E-Coli)
EUR 785

Recombinant Shigella flexneri Probable endopeptidase Spr (spr)

MBS1246740-01mgYeast 0.1mg(Yeast)
EUR 980

SPR, CT (SPR, Sepiapterin reductase) (Azide free) (HRP)

MBS6350755-02mL 0.2mL
EUR 980

SPR, CT (SPR, Sepiapterin reductase) (Azide free) (HRP)

MBS6350755-5x02mL 5x0.2mL
EUR 4250

Spr (GFP-tagged) - Mouse sepiapterin reductase (Spr), (10ug)

MG219703 10 µg Ask for price

Spr (Myc-DDK-tagged) - Mouse sepiapterin reductase (Spr)

MR219703 10 µg Ask for price

spr-1 Antibody

CSB-PA624257XA01CXY-02mg 0.2mg Ask for price
Description: Recombinant Caenorhabditis elegans spr-1 protein

spr-1 Antibody

CSB-PA624257XA01CXY-10mg 10mg Ask for price
Description: Recombinant Caenorhabditis elegans spr-1 protein

spr-2 Antibody

CSB-PA615111XA01CXY-02mg 0.2mg Ask for price
Description: Recombinant Caenorhabditis elegans spr-2 protein

spr-2 Antibody

CSB-PA615111XA01CXY-10mg 10mg Ask for price
Description: Recombinant Caenorhabditis elegans spr-2 protein

spr-3 Antibody

CSB-PA618152XA01CXY-02mg 0.2mg Ask for price
Description: Recombinant Caenorhabditis elegans spr-3 protein

spr-3 Antibody

CSB-PA618152XA01CXY-10mg 10mg Ask for price
Description: Recombinant Caenorhabditis elegans spr-3 protein

spr-4 Antibody

CSB-PA521179XA01CXY-02mg 0.2mg Ask for price
Description: Recombinant Caenorhabditis elegans spr-4 protein

spr-4 Antibody

CSB-PA521179XA01CXY-10mg 10mg Ask for price
Description: Recombinant Caenorhabditis elegans spr-4 protein

spr-5 Antibody

CSB-PA894087XA01CXY-02mg 0.2mg Ask for price
Description: Recombinant Caenorhabditis elegans spr-5 protein

spr-5 Antibody

CSB-PA894087XA01CXY-10mg 10mg Ask for price
Description: Recombinant Caenorhabditis elegans spr-5 protein

Recombinant Escherichia coli O6 Probable endopeptidase Spr (spr)

MBS1112112-002mgBaculovirus 0.02mg(Baculovirus)
EUR 1085

Recombinant Escherichia coli O6 Probable endopeptidase Spr (spr)

MBS1112112-002mgEColi 0.02mg(E-Coli)
EUR 675

Recombinant Escherichia coli O6 Probable endopeptidase Spr (spr)

MBS1112112-002mgYeast 0.02mg(Yeast)
EUR 835

Recombinant Escherichia coli O6 Probable endopeptidase Spr (spr)

MBS1112112-01mgEColi 0.1mg(E-Coli)
EUR 785

Recombinant Escherichia coli O6 Probable endopeptidase Spr (spr)

MBS1112112-01mgYeast 0.1mg(Yeast)
EUR 980

SPR Mouse Monoclonal Antibody [Clone 3C8]

E45M10488V-2 50 ul
EUR 195

SPR Mouse Monoclonal Antibody [Clone:2C6]

E45M10489 100 ug
EUR 595

SPR Mouse Monoclonal Antibody [Clone 2C6]

E45M10489V-2 50 ul
EUR 195

Rat SPR siRNA

20-abx935066
  • Ask for price
  • Ask for price
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

SPR siRNA (Rat)

MBS8228872-15nmol 15nmol
EUR 405

SPR siRNA (Rat)

MBS8228872-30nmol 30nmol
EUR 565

SPR siRNA (Rat)

MBS8228872-5x30nmol 5x30nmol
EUR 2450

SPR Rabbit pAb

A11694 200μL
EUR 152.33

SPR Rabbit pAb

A11694-100ul 100 ul
EUR 369.6

SPR Rabbit pAb

A11694-200ul 200 ul
EUR 550.8

SPR Rabbit pAb

A11694-20ul 20 ul
EUR 219.6

SPR Rabbit pAb

A11694-50ul 50 ul
EUR 267.6

SPR Rabbit pAb

A7928 1000μL
EUR 262.15

SPR Rabbit pAb

A7928-100ul 100 ul
EUR 369.6

SPR Rabbit pAb

A7928-200ul 200 ul
EUR 550.8

SPR Rabbit pAb

A7928-20ul 20 ul
EUR 219.6

SPR Rabbit pAb

A7928-50ul 50 ul
EUR 267.6

SPR Rabbit pAb

E2507928 100ul
EUR 225
Description: Available in various conjugation types.

SPR Rabbit pAb

E2510776 100ul
EUR 225
Description: Available in various conjugation types.

SPR Rabbit pAb

E2861398 100ul
EUR 225
Description: Biotin-Conjugated, FITC-Conjugated , AF350 Conjugated , AF405M-Conjugated ,AF488-Conjugated, AF514-Conjugated ,AF532-Conjugated, AF555-Conjugated ,AF568-Conjugated , HRP-Conjugated, AF405S-Conjugated, AF405L-Conjugated , AF546-Conjugated, AF594-Conjugated , AF610-Conjugated, AF635-Conjugated , AF647-Conjugated , AF680-Conjugated , AF700-Conjugated , AF750-Conjugated , AF790-Conjugated , APC-Conjugated , PE-Conjugated , Cy3-Conjugated , Cy5-Conjugated , Cy5.5-Conjugated , Cy7-Conjugated Antibody

SPR Rabbit pAb

E2161398 100ul
EUR 225
Description: Biotin-Conjugated, FITC-Conjugated , AF350 Conjugated , AF405M-Conjugated ,AF488-Conjugated, AF514-Conjugated ,AF532-Conjugated, AF555-Conjugated ,AF568-Conjugated , HRP-Conjugated, AF405S-Conjugated, AF405L-Conjugated , AF546-Conjugated, AF594-Conjugated , AF610-Conjugated, AF635-Conjugated , AF647-Conjugated , AF680-Conjugated , AF700-Conjugated , AF750-Conjugated , AF790-Conjugated , APC-Conjugated , PE-Conjugated , Cy3-Conjugated , Cy5-Conjugated , Cy5.5-Conjugated , Cy7-Conjugated Antibody

SPR Rabbit pAb

E45R27824N 50 ul
EUR 297.75

SPR Rabbit pAb

E45R18586N 50 ul
EUR 297.75

SPR Rabbit pAb

E47R11784 100ul
EUR 295

SPR Rabbit pAb

MBS8548095-01mL 0.1mL
EUR 305

SPR Rabbit pAb

MBS8548095-01mLAF405L 0.1mL(AF405L)
EUR 565

SPR Rabbit pAb

MBS8548095-01mLAF405S 0.1mL(AF405S)
EUR 565

SPR Rabbit pAb

MBS8548095-01mLAF610 0.1mL(AF610)
EUR 565

SPR Rabbit pAb

MBS8548095-01mLAF635 0.1mL(AF635)
EUR 565

SPR Rabbit pAb

MBS8547138-01mL 0.1mL
EUR 305

SPR Rabbit pAb

MBS8547138-01mLAF405L 0.1mL(AF405L)
EUR 565

SPR Rabbit pAb

MBS8547138-01mLAF405S 0.1mL(AF405S)
EUR 565

SPR Rabbit pAb

MBS8547138-01mLAF610 0.1mL(AF610)
EUR 565

SPR Rabbit pAb

MBS8547138-01mLAF635 0.1mL(AF635)
EUR 565

Human SPR siRNA

20-abx935067
  • Ask for price
  • Ask for price
  • 15 nmol
  • 30 nmol

SPR siRNA (Human)

MBS8214874-15nmol 15nmol
EUR 405

SPR siRNA (Human)

MBS8214874-30nmol 30nmol
EUR 565

SPR siRNA (Human)

MBS8214874-5x30nmol 5x30nmol
EUR 2450

SPR inhibitor 3

HY-115510 10 mg
EUR 750.01
Description: SPR inhibitor 3 (SPRi3) is a potent sepiapterin reductase (SPR) inhibitor. SPR inhibitor 3 (SPRi3) displays high binding affinity to human SPR in a cell-free assay (IC50=74 nM) and efficiently reduces biopterin levels in a cell-based assay (IC50=5.2 μM). SPR inhibitor 3 (SPRi3) reduces neuropathic and inflammatory pain through a reduction of BH4 levels[1][2][3].

SPR inhibitor 3

MBS5770004-200mg 200mg
EUR 1200

SPR inhibitor 3

MBS5770004-5x200mg 5x200mg
EUR 5250

SPR antibody (HRP)

MBS5310275-01mg 0.1mg
EUR 510

SPR antibody (HRP)

MBS5310275-5x01mg 5x0.1mg
EUR 2150

SPR inhibitor 3

T16924-10mg 10mg Ask for price
Description: SPR inhibitor 3

SPR inhibitor 3

T16924-1g 1g Ask for price
Description: SPR inhibitor 3

SPR inhibitor 3

T16924-1mg 1mg Ask for price
Description: SPR inhibitor 3

SPR inhibitor 3

T16924-50mg 50mg Ask for price
Description: SPR inhibitor 3

SPR inhibitor 3

T16924-5mg 5mg Ask for price
Description: SPR inhibitor 3

SPR antibody (HRP)

60R-1540 100 ug Ask for price

anti- SPR antibody

FNab08192 100µg
EUR 658.5
Description: Antibody raised against SPR

SPR antibody (FITC)

MBS5310276-01mg 0.1mg
EUR 510

SPR antibody (FITC)

MBS5310276-5x01mg 5x0.1mg
EUR 2150

SPR antibody (FITC)

60R-1541 100 ug Ask for price

Mouse SPR Antibody

36839-05111 150 ug
EUR 215

Human SPR Antibody

32707-05111 150 ug
EUR 215

SPR antibody (biotin)

MBS5310277-01mg 0.1mg
EUR 510

SPR antibody (biotin)

MBS5310277-5x01mg 5x0.1mg
EUR 2150

SPR antibody (biotin)

60R-1542 100 ug Ask for price

Recombinant Mouse SPR

MBS7610684-005mg 0.05mg
EUR 405

Recombinant Mouse SPR

MBS7610684-02mg 0.2mg
EUR 760

Recombinant Mouse SPR

MBS7610684-1mg 1mg
EUR 2175

Recombinant Mouse SPR

MBS7610684-5x1mg 5x1mg
EUR 8410

SPR Polyclonal Antibody

A73415
  • Ask for price
  • Ask for price
  • 50 ul
  • 100 ul

SPR polyclonal antibody

BS70999 50 ul
EUR 358
Description: 1mg/ml in PBS with 0.02% sodium azide, 50% glycerol, pH7.2

SPR Polyclonal Antibody

E-AB-63585-120uL 120uL
EUR 320
Description: Unconjugated

SPR Polyclonal Antibody

E-AB-63585-200uL 200uL
EUR 530
Description: Unconjugated

SPR Polyclonal Antibody

E-AB-63585-60uL 60uL
EUR 200
Description: Unconjugated

SPR Polyclonal Antibody

E-AB-63585-each each Ask for price
Description: Unconjugated

SPR Polyclonal Antibody

E-AB-16217-120uL 120uL
EUR 240
Description: Unconjugated

SPR Polyclonal Antibody

E-AB-16217-200uL 200uL
EUR 399
Description: Unconjugated

SPR Polyclonal Antibody

E-AB-16217-20uL 20uL
EUR 73
Description: Unconjugated

SPR Polyclonal Antibody

E-AB-16217-60uL 60uL
EUR 143
Description: Unconjugated

SPR Polyclonal Antibody

E-AB-13034-120uL 120uL
EUR 240
Description: Unconjugated

SPR Polyclonal Antibody

E-AB-13034-200uL 200uL
EUR 399
Description: Unconjugated

SPR Polyclonal Antibody

E-AB-13034-20uL 20uL
EUR 73
Description: Unconjugated

SPR Polyclonal Antibody

E-AB-13034-60uL 60uL
EUR 143
Description: Unconjugated

SPR Conjugated Antibody

C37391 100ul
EUR 476.4

SPR Polyclonal Antibody

E97928 100ul
EUR 225
Description: Available in various conjugation types.

SPR Polyclonal Antibody

MBS2547936-006mL 0.06mL
EUR 190

SPR Polyclonal Antibody

MBS2547936-012mL 0.12mL
EUR 265

The molecular mechanism underlying the anti‑apoptotic effects of GB was subsequently detected. GB pretreatment activated the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and caused an increase in the phosphorylation levels of Akt and mTOR in hydrogen peroxide‑treated H9c2 cells.

These results revealed that GB inhibited hydrogen peroxide‑induced apoptosis in H9c2 cells via activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. These findings indicate the potential therapeutic benefits of GB in the treatment of myocardial I/R injury.